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Asteroid 2025 PM2, about 190 feet in diameter, will pass Earth at a distance of 2.31 million miles on August 27, 2025. While not a threat, this close encounter allows scientists to study near-Earth objects and refine planetary defense strategies. Continuous monitoring is crucial for understanding orbital dynamics and potential hazards, as highlighted by ISRO's plans to study larger asteroids.

SpaceX's Starship achieved a successful tenth test flight from Starbase, Texas, marking progress in its reusable rocket program. The mission tested heat shield tiles, a satellite deployment system, and engine performance, with both stages completing planned maneuvers. This milestone is crucial for NASA's Artemis program and SpaceX's Starlink deployment, despite remaining challenges in heat shield development and in-orbit refueling.

NASA's telescopes have captured detailed observations of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, confirming it as a natural comet rich in CO₂ and water ice. Discovered in 2025, the comet's composition and trajectory align with known processes of icy comets ejected from other star systems, debunking speculation about alien origins. Ongoing observations aim to understand its structure and activity.

NASA is preparing to launch three sounding rockets from Wallops Island, Virginia, on August 26, 2025, as part of the TOMEX+ mission. Residents across the mid-Atlantic may witness colourful vapour trails. The mission will study the mesopause, a critical atmospheric layer influencing weather and satellite operations.

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has detected a new moon, S/2025 U1, orbiting Uranus. This tiny moon, only 10 kilometers in diameter, was missed by Voyager 2 nearly four decades ago. The discovery, made using Webb's Near-Infrared Camera, increases Uranus' known moons to 29, providing insights into the planet's complex moon and ring system and its dynamic history.

European Space Agency released stunning images of volcanoes taken from space. These images include Mount Vesuvius in Italy and Krakatoa in Indonesia. The release coincided with the anniversary of Vesuvius's deadly eruption in 79 AD. Astronauts on the International Space Station regularly photograph Earth. This helps scientists track volcanic activity. The images showcase Earth's beauty and power.

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has potentially identified 300 ancient objects, possibly early galaxies formed shortly after the Big Bang. These unusually bright and developed structures challenge existing models of galaxy formation, suggesting a faster development timeline in the early universe. Confirmation through further spectroscopic analysis is crucial to solidify this groundbreaking discovery.

Science News: Scientists have uncovered groundbreaking evidence that Earth's water may have originated from comets, following a new study of Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, .

NASA astronaut Don Pettit captured a stunning near-infrared image of the Ganga River delta from the ISS, revealing intricate details of its ecosystem. The photograph highlights vegetation health, water distribution, and land use, aiding scientists in monitoring environmental changes. This image underscores the delta's significance as a biodiversity hotspot and its vital role in environmental stability.

In May 2016, NASA satellites detected ten unusual dark voids within cloud cover above Heard Island, a remote volcanic landmass. These formations, linked to von Kármán vortices, exhibited an atypical darkness, tight spiral structure, and a sharp directional change. This rare event provides scientists with a unique opportunity to study small-island wind effects and their impact on atmospheric patterns.

NASA and ISRO have successfully deployed the world's largest radar antenna, a 33-foot structure, as part of the NISAR mission. Orbiting 460 miles above Earth, it will capture high-resolution radar images, penetrating clouds and darkness. This breakthrough will provide critical data on climate change, natural hazards, and agricultural trends, offering global benefits through open data access.

Jef Bezos's Blue Origin is preparing for a Mars mission. The New Glenn rocket will launch NASA's ESCAPADE probes in September 2025. This marks Blue Origin's first interplanetary flight. The mission will study Mars' magnetosphere and atmosphere. It will provide data on solar wind interaction. The launch highlights commercial space exploration.

In a groundbreaking experiment, NASA's CHAPEA mission simulated Martian life for over a year, confining four volunteers to a habitat. Beyond survival and adaptation, the crew discovered an unexpected benefit in PS4 gaming. Video games helped maintain cognitive sharpness, reduce stress, and improve problem-solving skills.

A large asteroid, 1997 QK1, will safely pass Earth on August 20, 2025. NASA and ISRO will monitor this event. The asteroid is large, but poses no threat. Such flybys help scientists refine orbital models. They also help in planetary defense strategies. ISRO plans future missions to study near-Earth asteroids. International collaboration is key for planetary defense.

In 2025, space exploration enters a new era with missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond, led by NASA, ISRO, ESA, JAXA, and private companies. These missions aim to advance scientific knowledge, paving the way for human exploration and technological innovation. From lunar landers to interplanetary explorers, these missions will redefine humanity's place in the cosmos.